The controller and Model are part of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) software design commonly used to implement user interfaces, data, and controlling logic. It emphasizes a separation between the software’s business logic and display.
MVC Pattern:
Controller:
The controller contains logic that updates the model and/or view in response to input from the users of the app.
So for example, a shopping list could have input forms and buttons that allow us to add or delete items. These actions require the model to be updated, so the input is sent to the controller, which then manipulates the model as appropriate, which then sends updated data to the view.
You might however also want to update the view to display the data in a different format, e.g., change the item order to alphabetical, or lowest to highest price. In this case, the controller could handle this directly without needing to update the model.
Artisan command to create a controller
php artisan make: controller ShoppingController
OR
Resource controller with the default method for CRUD operation
php artisan make: controller PhotoController --resource
Specify the resource model as well
php artisan make: controller PhotoController --model=Photo --resource
Form Request
php artisan make: controller PhotoController --model=Photo --resource --requests
Let’s take a look at an example of a basic controller. Controllers have any number of public methods that will respond to incoming requests.
User::findOrFail($id)
]);
}
}
Define the route for a particular controller
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
Route::get('/user/{id}', [UserController::class, 'show']);
// Resource controller
Route::resource('users', UserController::class);
Partial Resource Route
Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class)->only([
'index', 'show'
]);
Naming routes
Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class)->names([
'create' => 'photos.build'
]);
API Resource route
Route::apiResource('photos', PhotoController::class);
Define middleware for the controller
Route::get('profile', [UserController::class, 'show'])->middleware('auth');
OR
class UserController extends Controller
{
/**
* Instantiate a new controller instance.
*/
public function __construct()
{
$this->middleware('auth');
$this->middleware('log')->only('index');
$this->middleware('subscribed')->except('store');
}
}
You can call the existing controller’s method within the controller
$this->MyCustomFunction();
Dependency Injection in the controller’s method
Method injection
name;
// Store the user...
return redirect('/users');
}
}
Model:
The Model component corresponds to all the data-related logic that the user works with. This can represent either the data that is being transferred between the View and Controller components or any other business logic-related data. It can add or retrieve data from the database. It responds to the controller’s request because the controller can’t interact with the database by itself. The model interacts with the database and returns the required data to the controller.
Laravel includes Eloquent, an object-relational mapper (ORM) that makes it enjoyable to interact with your database.
To get started, let’s create one model that is basically by default stored in app/Models.
Generate new model
php artisan make: model Flight
You can create migration files as well
php artisan make: model Flight --migration
Other types of classes that you can create
# Generate a model and a FlightFactory class... php artisan make: model Flight --factory php artisan make: model Flight -f # Generate a model and a FlightSeeder class... php artisan make: model Flight --seed php artisan make: model Flight -s # Generate a model and a FlightController class... php artisan make: model Flight --controller php artisan make:model Flight -c # Generate a model, FlightController resource class, and form request classes... php artisan make: model Flight --controller --resource --requests php artisan make: model Flight -crR # Generate a model and a FlightPolicy class... php artisan make: model Flight --policy # Generate a model and a migration, factory, seeder, and controller... php artisan make: model Flight -mfsc # Shortcut to generate a model, migration, factory, seeder, policy, controller, and form requests... php artisan make: model Flight --all # Generate a pivot model... php artisan make: model Member --pivot php artisan make: model Member -p
You can easily inspect the model by
php artisan model: show Flight
The basic structure of the model
You can define various variables for model
Create unique UUID
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Concerns\HasUuids;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Article extends Model
{
use HasUuids;
// ...
}
$article = Article::create(['title' => 'Traveling to Europe']);
$article->id; // "8f8e8478-9035-4d23-b9a7-62f4d2612ce5"
Retrieving model
use App\Models\Flight;
foreach (Flight::all() as $flight) {
echo $flight->name;
}
Building Query
$flights = Flight::where('active', 1)
->orderBy('name')
->take(10)
->get();
Fresh/Refreshing Model
$flight = Flight::where('number', 'FR 900')->first();
$freshFlight = $flight->fresh(); // will not effect $flight
$flight = Flight::where('number', 'FR 900')->first();
$flight->number = 'FR 456';
$flight->refresh();
$flight->number; // "FR 900"
Chunking Result
use App\Models\Flight;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
Flight::chunk(200, function (Collection $flights) {
foreach ($flights as $flight) {
// ...
}
});
Not found exception
$flight = Flight::findOrFail(1);
$flight = Flight::where('legs', '>', 3)->firstOrFail();
Mass Assignment
use App\Models\Flight; $flight = Flight::create([ 'name' => 'London to Paris', ]);
Insert
$flight = Flight::create([ 'name' => 'London to Paris', ]);
Update
use App\Models\Flight; $flight = Flight::find(1); $flight->name = 'Paris to London'; $flight->save();
Delete Model
use App\Models\Flight; $flight = Flight::find(1); $flight->delete();
Soft Delete Model
restore(); // The restore method will set the model's deleted_at column to null: $flight->forceDelete(); // Permanently Delete model ?>
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