.NET Core – How Does the ‘Dotnet Publish’ Command Work?

How does the ‘dotnet publish’ command work?

The `dotnet publish` command is used in .NET Core used to create a deployment package for an application. It compiles the application code, resolves dependencies, and generates the necessary files to run the application on a different machine or environment.

Here’s a breakdown of how the `dotnet publish` command works:

1. 1. **Compilation**: The command compiles the application’s source code into an intermediate language (IL) code.
2. 2. **Dependency Resolution**: It resolves and copies all the required dependencies (NuGet packages, third-party libraries, etc.) into the publish folder.
3. 3. **Runtime Components**: Depending on the deployment mode (self-contained or framework-dependent), it includes the necessary runtime components:
   – **Self-Contained**: The .NET runtime and libraries are included in the publish folder, making the application portable and able to run on machines without a pre-installed .NET runtime.
   – **Framework-Dependent**: Only the application files are included, and the target machine must have the appropriate .NET runtime installed.
4. 4. **Configuration Files**: It copies the application’s configuration files (e.g., `appsettings.json`, `web.config`) to the publish folder.
5. 5. **Static Files**: For web applications, it copies static files (e.g., HTML, CSS, JavaScript) to the publish folder.
6. 6. **Output**: The resulting deployment package is created in the specified output directory (by default, `bin/[configuration]/[target-runtime]/publish`).

The `dotnet publish` command has several options to customize the deployment process, such as:

– `-c` or `–configuration`: Specifies the build configuration (e.g., Debug, Release).
– `-r` or `–runtime`: Specifies the target runtime(s) for the deployment package.
– `-p` or `–output`: Sets the output directory for the published files.
– `–self-contained`: Publishes the .NET runtime with the application (self-contained deployment).

After publishing, you can deploy the application package to a hosting environment or server by copying the contents of the publish folder to the desired location.